Invoking Starmen for Panspermia

One of the most prominent themes of the various books of the Old Testament is the Hebrews dealing with tyrannical giants who had become the kings and military elite of numerous tribes of mankind. These giants are described as members of numerous tribes such as the Amorites, Anakin, Perizzites, Rephaim, Nephtalim, Philistines, Hittites, Jesubites, and Zamzummims.

Scripture describes humans being redeemed by the savior to be adopted as his children and members of God's family. There are no statements in scripture alluding to the redemption of angels or any other kind of creature God has made, other than humans.

Scripture describes two events during which angelic beings have entered the world to do evil. The first event is recorded in Genesis which states "the sons of God came unto the daughters of men". The passage makes it clear that the sons of God are not men. These beings procreated with human women either by possessing the bodies of humans in the same manner that demons possess humans, or by supernatural action. The offspring they produced were giants who became tyrants and ruled over mankind because of their immense stature and knowledge. Then came the Flood, which ended all life for animals which walked upon the face of the earth except those which remained safe inside the ark of Noah.

Scripture describes a second appearance of tyrannical giants upon the earth after the Noaich Flood. The statement in Genesis "and also after that" in describing the first event is considered by biblical scholars to mean "and also after that great event" or "and also after the Flood".

Genesis 6[4] There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.

The second event took place after the Naoich Flood during the lifetime of Caleb (@ 1,530 BC). This second occurrence is not described explicitly in scripture like the first, but is made clear because giants once again became tyrannical rulers upon the earth. These giants cannot have been merely abnormally large humans because the first generation of them were created by an unearthly merger of humans and angelic beings, and because none of these tyrannical rulers were saved from the Flood in the ark of Noah.

Virtually all of the ancient tribes of mankind have legends of these giants because they did exist. It is irrational to believe all of the tribes of mankind would have fabricated stories of a great flood, a singular culture for all of mankind, a confusion of languages, and wicked giants. The rational explanation is that these events took place early in the history of mankind and because all of the tribes of mankind spread out from Babel and took their memory of these events with them. Certain ancient historians and extrabiblical literature also wrote of the giants which ruled over mankind. Therefore, the historicity of the Genesis account is established. Because of extrabiblical support, and the fact that the scriptures prove themselves to be inspired by God because of through their many examples of historical and scientific foreknowledge, such as fulfilled prophecies, we can know that the biblical account of the giants is historically factual.

It is well known to secular historians than in ancient times, many kings declared themselves to be divine. The giants written of in scripture are often described as the kings of various kingdoms. There are many ancient artifacts which depict the kings of various kingdoms as giants. Secular historians relegate this depiction as an exaggeration of human size to expression of the authority of the king, but in truth the simplest and best explanation is that these kings actually were giants as they are depicted.

A prominent feature of ancient religions and mythology is polytheism. It is the belief in multiple gods, often described as a pantheon - a hierarchy of deities which are related to each other ancestrally. Such polytheistic pantheons are the basis for the majority of ancient religions. A prominent feature of these pantheons is that they describe a "Father of the Gods", a "Mother of the Gods", and a son of the primordial or first god who over thre his father to become the king of the gods. This feature is found in the ancient Greek, Roman, Norse, German, Slavic, Japanese, and Egyptian pantheons, as well as a few African pantheons. This common thread argues, like the historicity of the legends of giants from around the world, that there is a historical basis for them being related to some historical event.

The best candidate for this event is the Tower of Babel Affair. The earliest tribes of man began as large family groups which dispersed from Babel to encompass the earth. When they dispersed, they took with them their memory of the events which occurred in the beginning, before the Noaich Flood, as described in Genesis. In the Genesis account, satan abdicated his estate to defile mankind as an act of rebellion, which he would use to overthrow God, not in actual power, but by replacing God in the hearts and minds of mankind. Satan is the angry son of god, such as Zeus, Thor, and others, depicted in ancient pantheons who overthrew the father of the gods to become ruler of the gods and of mankind. Thus, the events of Genesis, being subjected to inaccurate retelling by word-of-mouth, quickly replaced memory of the one true God of scripture with pantheons of gods.

Another factor in the formation of these pantheons is Ancestor Worship. In some cases, the leaders of the earth's early family groups, which founded the early kingdoms of the earth, were transformed into gods in the memories of mankind. This is what accounts for the Babylonian and Akkadian legends of the "gods" coming down from the mountains of Anatolia to create mankind. This account is a distortion of the migration of Noah and his sons from Anatolia, where Genesis states the Ark of Noah came to rest, into the Plain of Shinar after the Flood. Thus, Noah and his sons were deified by the earliest historical record of pantheons.

Secular minds refuse to accept the evidence that the bible is clearly the best explanation for the pantheons of the ancient world. However, because they recognize the similarity between these pantheons and many of their gods, they accept that there is an explanation which is common to all of them. This is contradictory to the secular claim that man evolved from a hominid in Africa, and dispersed from there hundreds of thousands of years ago. If that were so, it would be irrational to believe that the legends of these pantheons and their gods would have become so similar in the various ancient tribes of mankind. Thus, they admit that this similarity is evidence of common ancestry for the pantheons, while rejecting the logic that it cannot be explained with the secular concept of the formation of the early tribes of man.

Because the secular camp believes in evolution - a purely naturalistic explanation for everything, and because they acknowledge the relationship between the pantheons of the ancient world, they posit that the explanation for the pantheons is that aliens have been visiting earth for millennia, and either presented themselves to ancient civilizations, or at the least were witnessed in the skies, and that these beings were incorrectly believed to be gods by ancient people.

One of the best examples of this is that some people point to the descriptions of odd things in the Book of Ezekiel and attribute them to aliens. The best known example is Ezekiel's description of wheels within wheels with eyes all around which move in an unusual manner, such as moving sideways without turning as they move through the sky. In truth, nobody, including biblical scholars and well-studied Christians, knows exactly what Ezekiel is describing. However, given that the biblical explanation for the origin of the world's pantheons is clearly the most supportable, it is likely that Ezekiel is describing angelic beings, and not aliens from another planet.

The belief that aliens have come to this world has become remarkably popular worldwide, and was made so by science fiction films in the 1950's and 60's. Secular scientists today recognize that the potential for fully formed bacterial life to arise on the earth without assistance from materials from space. The Origin of Life (abiogenesis) theory has become wrought with tremendous chemical problems which indicate it cannot have happened without some kind of greatly advantageous push from material brought to the earth from outer space. This idea has become known as Panspermia, and has become exceedingly popular among secular scientists. Along with this belief has come the idea that aliens either seeded life on earth, or brought to earth bacteria or modest multi-cellular life forms which have evolved into the plethora of earth's fauna.
Even Richard Dawkins has embraced this theory. It is put forth because of three things:

1. The inability of chemical experimentation and the imagined conditions of the early earth to produce a plausible model for the origin of life on the earth
2. Living systems possesses features which appear to have been designed, such as microscopic machines with numerous components, DNA, error correction, transcription, translation, ribosomes, information, linguistic organization, algorithms, etc.
3. Ancient men believed that "the gods" have been visible in the sky for millennia and came from the sky to visit mankind

These points, when combined, form the basis for the secular belief that aliens are the explanation for the origin of life on earth as well as all of the gods of the ancient world. However, the best explanation, one which is the least complex, requires the least blind faith, and which therefore does not defy Occam's Razor, is the biblical account of creation for the origin of life, and the "sons of God" as the explanation for the UFO phenomenon. The simplest explanation for why so many people have witnesses bizarre entities in the skies is that God has created beings other than humans, which have abilities far beyond our own. They seem able to pop into and out of existence and move suddenly change direction while moving at what must be many thousands of miles per hour, and to accelerate from motionless to astonishing speeds in the blink of an eye. Surely there is something real going on with this phenomenon. Far too many intelligent and highly educated people in the world have had some type of encounter with or observation of these entities.

The idea that aliens are coming to the earth from many light-years distance presents serious problems however. Each step along the way to explaining that aliens are the explanation for the UFO phenomenon requires an imaginative idea that has no scientific support or does not take into account certain facts which make it less plausible. Each time the aliens explanation becomes more convoluted and requires a belief in things which are either implausible of totally imaginary. One of these is the time-distance problem. If the speed of light (@ 386,000 miles per second) is the upper speed limit of the universe, and many secular scientists have said, then for aliens to get to the earth from such astonishing distance would require them to break this speed limit. The only other way for them to get to the earth from somewhere so far away would be if they had aboard their vessels a system for their own reproduction, education, and rearing so that the generation of aliens which left their planetary home was not the generation which arrived at earth. The only alternative to this would be to believe they are biologically immortal and do not age. To believe they are immortal would be too much like acknowledging the existence of God, so that argument is implausible for the secular camp. One could argue that aliens discovered how they could stop their aging process, but that is simply adding an imaginative scenario that further complicate the issue.

     Passing through a powerful warp of time and space would cause different parts of a spacecraft and it's occupants to have different and constantly changing time and space. This would cause catastrophic effects.

1.  The continuously changing space would cause machines and biological entities to fail and perish because:
   a.  Their components would not function in unison of time, which would cause system failure
   b.  Their components would not function in physical unison, which would cause them to be torn apart

2.  It is virtually certain that a spacecraft entering a wormhole would not be able to predetermine or repeat the
     time and place of their exit from the wormhole. The slightest fluctuations occurring in a wormhole would
     have dramatic effects upon the outcome for anything passing through it.
   a.  It is not logical to believe that anything passing through it would ever exit into the same time or space.
       Therefore, aliens could almost certainly never revisit the earth, much less arrive at the earth within a narrow
       window of time, even if that window were millions of earth years.
   b.  If the earth were many millions of years old, Alien visitors would far more likely arrive at earth at a time long
        before man existed or after the earth had become lifeless because of the expansion of the sun as it cools.
        This problem gets exponentially worse the younger you believe the earth is.

Another problem with the aliens explanation is that space is not empty. Every so many miles in space there is believed to be a gain of matter the size of a grain of sand, or bigger. The energy released by the impact of a grain of sand moving at or near the speed of light is tremendous - perhaps greater than that of a hydrogen bomb - and it is implausible that any kind of spacecraft could sustain repeated impacts with bits of debris. One could argue that the alien spacecraft has some sort of energy field in front of it which would deflect debris before it was encountered, but this again requires adding an imaginative idea to complicate the matter. Another problem is the tremendous radiation believed to be present everywhere in the universe, which should literally eat any kind of spacecraft and organic life therein. One could argue that the aliens invented a way of preventing the intense radiation from damaging their spacecraft and themselves, but again this requires an imaginative idea that further complicates the matter.

Even greater than these problems is the fact that for aliens to arrive at earth and find human beings is astronomically implausible. If the secular explanation for the origin of life and mankind were true - that we have evolved and are now as we are because of evolution, the odds that aliens would leave their home and arrive at earth at the time when we are fully human and capable of considering them is beyond unlikely. It is orders of magnitude more plausible that if aliens traveled the stars to come to earth, they would discover a planet which has no life on it whatsoever, either because it had not yet evolve or because the sun had expanded as it cooled and destroyed all life on the earth - long before the aliens arrived. The incredible timing necessary for aliens to arrive here just when man has become intelligent over a period of a few hundred thousand years, from somewhere it might take hundreds of thousands if not millions of years to get here, is utterly implausible.

The greatest problem of all with the alien scenario is the enormous amount of energy which would be required to accellerate a spacecraft to a speed which even begins to approach the speed of light, which would not be fast enough to get them to our world in less than millions of years anyway. Moving towards such speeds, the energy required increases exponentially until it would be so great that the aliens would need to transport a container of energy the size of a star, or greater. There simply isn't enough energy in space which could be collected by the spacecraft to be used for acceleration, and solar radiation would not provide anywhere near the volume of energy necessary.

The simple truth is that a better explanation than the alien scenario is found closer to home - the biblical one, which is supported by various lines of evidence, does not require fanciful scenarios and imaginative solutions, and makes the belief in aliens seem like what it truly is - science fiction.

Atheism is Denial of Reality and Refuted by Everything

Prior to the mid-19th century, the number of atheists in the world could fit on the bleachers of a high school gymnasium. A rise in the rejection of Christian moral values brought on a rise in secular humanism, which has resulted in a small percentage of the world's population considering itself atheist today.

If atheism were true, humans would be merely soulless chemical meat accidents with no innate value. Therefore, atheism is not only absurd, obviously false, and cannot provide for the existence of anything including morality, but is in fact a dangerous necromancy. It is a sickness that has caused more human suffering than any idea ever conceived. It is directly the cause of the death of hundreds of millions of people in the 20th century; more people than died in all of the wars in the history of the world combined prior to the 20th century, a mountain of bodies and river of blood - all because atheists refuse out of pride to acknowledge God. It should be internationally illegal to tell any human being, especially a child, that they are a soulless chemical meat accident, which is abusive. If we are to consider hate-speech to be a criminal offense, and slander and defamation of character to be civilly prosecutable offenses, then we would be inconsistent if we did not likewise make it a criminal offense for an atheist to tell another human being that they are merely a soulless chemical meat accident.

Atheism is also the least intellectual idea ever conceived, and requires a person to be in denial of a very great percentage of the accrued knowledge of mankind in the areas of science, philosophy, and human history. Atheists believe the universe exploded from a spaceless point, and that molecules bumping into each other self-organized into astonishing complexity and inter-dependence as rock soup which became alive, and continued to organized itself into artists, novelists, and scientist, ultimately resulting in Beethhoven symphonies, Michaelangelo statues, Vermeer paintings, computers, space probes, science fiction, and soulless chemical meat accidents which believe in God.

Atheists are people who demand that only atheists, a small minority of the people in the world, are right about the existence of non-physical things, especially their own soul, because they refuse to accept the inference that their own sentience is evidence of their soul, and that thier soul has a cause, which logically is God. In this way they think they can eliminate their obligation to God by removing him from the picture. It does not work for most however. Atheists spend their lives as activists, either minimally or compulsively and habitually, trying to get any Christian to come to disbelieve in God because they think the deconversion of a Christian, who claims to experience God, would finally vindicate their denial of God and finally free their conscience from their denial.

If the mind is entirely caused by matter, free will cannot exist. If free will does not exist, then there is no such thing as an opinion. Therefore the atheist assertion, "There is no evidence for the existence of God." is is just chemical reaction, not an opinion, and cannot be either true or false.

If the atheist's Philosophical Materialism were true, then immaterial things like propositions, such the proposition that materialism is true, can't be true. Atheism is logically incoherent and self-refuting.

If the atheist's Philosophical Materialism were true, then the atheist proposition, "There is no evidence for the existence of God." is is just chemical reaction, neither true nor false. Atheism is logically incoherent and self-refuting.

"Not a single salient characteristic of the mind is a property of matter. The strict materialistic explanation for the mind — the attribution of immaterial mental acts and properties to brain matter — is, by definition, a materialist superstition, a "false irrational conception of causation in nature maintained despite evidence to the contrary." -- Dr. Michael Egnor, award winning neurosurgon

Meaning is imparted to matter by a mind; matter isn't the source of meaning. Mental properties have no dimension or mass and are therefore non-material. Therefore matter (brain tissue) is not a sufficient explanation for mind.

If materialism were true, then memories would have to be a state of arrangement of molecules in the brain (what atheists refer to as "brain states"). But molecules are simply physical bits of matter in specific locations. It's absurd to propose that the locations of molecules produces memories in humans just like it's absurd to believe that a computer remembers something because of the state of the switches in it's chips. So why would someone believe that the location of matter creates memory?

"There are not many options - essentially just two. Either human intelligence ultimately owes its origin to mindless matter; or there is a Creator. It is strange that some people claim that it is their intelligence that leads them to prefer the first to the second." - John Lennox, PhD mathematician Oxford University, theologian

Ridiculous claims, evolution in the news, open discussion

Jaw to Ear Magic

Evolutionists claim the mammilian ear bones (ossicles) derived from the jaw bones of non-mammilian ancestors. This claim is demonstrably false by science because evolutionism is based upon a paradigm which is formed into an endless number of assumptions for which there either is no supporting evidence or which contradicts the physical evidence.

Three of the most serious problems for this idea that evolutionists simply ignore because they value their assumptions and philosophy of evolutionism more than they respect science.

1. Liaoconodon hui is dated to the Early Cretaceous at 120 which is 40–75 Ma (million years after) after the appearance of the first fully formed mammalian middle ear.1 This is 75 Ma younger than the first “definitive mammalian middle ear” (DMME), Hadrocodium.2

2. The 75 MY that Liaoconodon hui precedes Hadrocodium is nearly equal to an entire geologic period - the Cretaceous, which lasted supposedly 79.5 MY. It should not take 75 MY for the middle ear to evolve if a precursor middle ear and "difinitive middle ear" required vastly less time to evolve. Why an entire geologic period of time for this transition? Is it logical that any anatomical feature could take so long to evolve considering the evolutionist's timescale for the evolution of fish into land-dwelling amphibian tetrapods or other such complete transitions in anatomy?

       1. Meng, J., Wang, Y. and Li, C., Transitional mammalian middle ear from
           a new Cretaceous Jehol eutriconodont, Nature 472:181–185, 2011.
       2. Luo, Z.-X., Crompton, A.W. and Sun, A.-L., A new mammaliaform from
           the Early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics, Science
           292(5521):1535–1540, 2001.

3. The genetic pathway for the ear bones and jaw bones of the creatures involved are not the same!

The evolutionists use an opossum skull in their images trying to show the evolution of the jaws of mammals because it is believed that their bones follow the same developmental pathway as their assumed evolutionary transitional forms of the animal groups Thrinaxodon, Probainognathus, and Morganucodon. This is highly selective and unscientific, since other mammals have a different developmental pathway for the same bones!

There have been two competing theories of the development of the middle ear bones (ossicles). The oldest theory stated that all of the middle ear components developed from the first pharyngeal arch. More recent studies have concluded that the components of the middle ear, including the ossicles, develop from both the first and second pharyngeal arches! In humans, the mandible (lower jaw bone) develops from the first pharyngeal arch only. Yet the tympanic bones (ossicles) of the middle ear are developed by both the first and second pharyngeal arches. Thus, two genetic development pathways through both the first and second pharyngeal arches work together to form the ossicles, as well as other structures of the middle ear. It cannot be said therefore that the claim of the evolution theory that the middle ear bones (ossiles) evolved from the first pharyngeal arch which develops the mandible in mammals is responsible for the evolution of the human or other mammilian ossicles. If the theory were correct, since the mandible of mammals develops from the first pharyngeal arch only and has no genetic development pathway from the second pharyngeal arch, then the ossicles of the human middle ear would likewise develop from the first pharyngeal arch only, and would have no contributing development pathway from the second pharyngeal arch. But this is not the case with humans. Therefore, since both the first and second pharyngeal arches represent separate genetic development pathways which are involved in the development of the middle ear bones, we must conclude:

1. the genetic information for the development of the ossicles is located in separate gene sets in different loci of the DNA resulting in separate genetic developmental pathways, which indicates a designed information process.

2. the theory that the human middle ear developed from the mandible of an imagined ancestor is untenable, since human ossicle development is conducted from not just the first pharyngeal arch, but the second arch also. If the theory of mammilian ossicle development were true, this should not be the case.

3. modern scientific discovery has yet again discredited an evolutionary story because it has revealed that the evolutionist's assumptions are not supported by the scientific facts.

These facts present unanswerable questions for the evolutionist, which reveal the unscientific, faith-based, outrageously illogical beliefs of evolutionism:

1. How can undirected, unintelligent molecular interactions (random mutation) create complex gene sets (or any gene at all) and their co-expression to develop any structure of an organism? The process of fetal development is the most complex process that exists in the world. How can something orders of magnitude more complex than anything man (an intelligent agent) is capable of designing be produced by random, unintelligent molecular interactions which contradict the 2nd law of Thermodynamics?

2. How is it logical that undirected, unintelligent molecular interactions can result in anything which is unfathomably complex and intricate? The concept contradicts the laws of nature - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, which verifies that matter moves towards disorder, not towards complexity - the opposite of what evolution claims has happened (and must still be happening) trillions of times?
3. How could evolution (an outrageous number of unintelligent, undirected molecular interactions) cause a second genetic developmental pathway (2nd pharyngeal arch) to become integrated with the developmental pathway of the mandible so as to produce the middle ear?

4.  What environmental pressures could possibly exist to cause jaw bones to evolve into ear bones?

5. What possible environmental pressure could cause new developmental pathways to evolve that result in a more complex hearing mechanism than already existed, and then integrate them into an ear that already exists?

6. How could Natural Selection cause bones to detach from the jaw and remain in the anatomy without removing them because they are uselessly floating in soft tissue? Natural Selection should remove useless and functionless features!

7. How could natural Selection cuase migrating and functionless bones to slowly integrate, in numerous successive steps, into the hearing system of an animal that already has functional hearing, since introducing a completely new structural design and merging it with an already functioning one should disrupt hearing until the process were complete?

How could the genetic information that determines the developmental parthway of jaw bones become swapped with the genetic information that determines the develpomental pathway for the incus and malleus of the middle ear? How could the influence of the environment cause this change in genetic development pathway by numerous successive genetic mutations? For evolution to accomplish this, each mutation would have to be selected because it caused a beneficial change to the morphology of the articular bones of the jaw through the process of evolving into the bones of the inner ear.

Amphibians and reptiles (including birds) use the quadrate and articular bones as part of the hinge joint of the jaw. In mammals, these bones are not part of the jaw hinge.

In mammals, the hinge joint of the jaw is the temporomandibular joint, where the mandibular condyle fits into the mandibular fossa (which is part of the temporal bone). See the skulls page for more detail. The quadrate and articular bones are not part of the jaw hinge.

The difference between the inner ear bones and their imagined jab bone precursors is stark, without transitional form, and of unknown mechanism. It is therefore a sheer assumption not based upon physical evidence, as admitted in the fosllowing statement:

"The sharp contrast between the precise structure of these tiny mammalian bones and their non-auditory reptilian counterparts drew the attention of Associate Professor of Animal Biology Karen Sears and postdoctoral researcher Daniel Urban, who led the study." In the developing ears of opossums, echoes of evolutionary history https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170216104002.htm

University of California Berkley states they know of no mechanism for the imagned transition of jaws:

"For reasons we don't fully understand, several lineages of synapsids — including the one that would eventually give rise to the mammals — began to evolve changes in the jaw joint." - https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05

They then state,

"Originally the quadrate and articular bones formed the jaw joint, but these synapsids (e.g., Probainognathus) evolved a second pair of bones involved in the jaw articulation."

So - they are claiming these evolutionary changes to jaw bone numbers and locations has in fact taken place, but acknowledge they do not know of a mechanism for such evolution - the development of new, integrated bones in jaws and their changing integration and form over time. How is that scientific?

They then state,

"This unusual paired condition did not last long, though. Soon, the quadrate and articular lost their function in jaw articulation and even their position in the jaw as they evolved."

Their assumption is presumed because of their belief that one kind of organism existed prior to another. Sedimentology demonstrates that the difference in time between these organisms becoming buried in sediments is months at most because strata form horizontally and in numbers, not one at a time over vast ages of time.

They then state,

"So, over time, the synapsids' quadrate-articular jaw joint (which the rest of the tetrapods possess) was replaced by a dentary-squamosal joint (which all living mammals possess), while the quadrate and articular migrated, shrank, and became part of the complex of middle ear bones."

The bones which comprize the jaw or animals is determined by seperate pathways by cell specialization. The bones claimed to migrate and change in morphology are developed by the different physical arrangement of specialized cells early in the development of the animal. The process which determines how cells are organized to become physically arranged and fused together is not understood:

"The cranial sutures form as the margins of the developing bones approximate, and the mesenchymal tissue separating the bone fronts is recruited into the osteogenic fronts (Opperman, 2000). It remains unknown whether the formation and spatial arrangement of the sutures occurs as a response to the approximation of the bone fronts, if they are prepatterned in a manner similar to the joints in the developing limb, or if signals from the surrounding epithelia determine the position of the sutures." Cranial Suture Biology

Kelly A Lenton, ... Michael T. Longaker, in Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 2005  https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/squamosal-bone

The cranial sutures form as the margins of the developing bones approximate, and the mesenchymal tissue separating the bone fronts is recruited into the osteogenic fronts (Opperman, 2000). It remains unknown whether the formation and spatial arrangement of the sutures occurs as a response to the approximation of the bone fronts, if they are prepatterned in a manner similar to the joints in the developing limb, or if signals from the surrounding epithelia determine the position of the sutures.

In humans, the middle ear bones (ossicles) are derived from separate origins in the first and second arch mesenchyme. (Mesenchyme, in vertebrate embryology, is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the development of the embryo.)

The evolutionists use an opposum skull in their images trying to show the evolution of the jaws of mammals because it is believed that their bones follow the same developmental pathway as their assumed evolutionary transitional forms of the animal groups Thrinaxodon, Probainognathus, and Morganucodon. This is highly selective and unscientific, since other mammals have a differrent developmental pathway for the same bones!

Scientists admit they do not know the mechanism for these independant developmental pathways becoming changed by evolution:

"A new developmental mechanism for the separation of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the jaw[2]"Multiple mammalian lineages independently evolved a definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) through breakdown of Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, the cellular and molecular drivers of this evolutionary transition remain unknown for most mammal groups. Here, we identify such drivers in the living marsupial opossum Monodelphis domestica, whose MC transformation during development anatomically mirrors the evolutionary transformation observed in fossils. Specifically, we link increases in cellular apoptosis and TGF-BR2 signalling to MC breakdown in opossums. We demonstrate that a simple change in TGF-ß signalling is sufficient to inhibit MC breakdown during opossum development, indicating that changes in TGF-ß signalling might be key during mammalian evolution." - Hearing - Middle Ear Development  https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Hearing_-_Middle_Ear_Development

I could ask a hundred more question no evolutionist is capable of answering, all of which reveal the unscientific, illogical, faith-based, miraculous nature of the evolution belief system.

Sorry Charlie. Go fish.

Atheism is Disproved by Logic

There are no questions for which either an answer does not exist in theism, or for for which an answer, if found, would not comport with theism. However, there are questions for which atheists can provide no answer because the existence of the premise cannot exist if atheism were true. The fact that such questions can be asked verifies atheism is not true. Here are a few examples.

Because atheists claim (and supposedly believe) that a human is a soulless bag of matter, none of the following questions comport to atheism, and no answer can be provided for them by any atheist.

 

Premise 1: Chemical reactions happen do not happen in the past or future. There have been chemical reactions that have occurred in the past, and others will happen in the future. However, all chemical reactions happen in the present.

Question: 1. If our thoughts are merely chemical reactions in a physical brain, how can prediction or anticipation exist?

Premise 2: Humans produce non-physical entities which have no basis in matter nor are they comprised of it. Here is a short list:

1. information
2. algorithms
3. linguistics
4. persistence of Self-Identity, personal intentions
5. philosophical reflection
6. consideration that results in a change of mind
7. un-confessed lies
8. the comprehension of the process of time
9. the recollection of past events
10. the existence of qualia (private experiences)
11. the truth that people are genuinely moral agents
12. the ability to understand and appreciate a state of affairs
13. the aptitude to evaluate and plan for future activities with inbuilt contingencies
14. the perception and appreciation of beauty
15. the aim of improving an activity one performs by concentrating
16. the continuous volition of intending and attending
17. restricted access
18. incorrigibility
19. accountability
20. admonition
21. ethical thought
22. moral thought
23. creativity
24. hatred
25. love
26. jealousy
27. determination of will
28. belief
29. disbelief
30. pretending
31. sophistry
32. apostasy
33. honor
34. inhibition
35. embarrassment
36. superstition
37. suspense
38. fear
39. anticipation
40. opinion
41. curiosity
42. inquiry
43. investigation
44. shame
45. surprise
46. prediction
47. premises


Question 2: If our thoughts are merely chemical reactions, how could they produce things which have no mass and cannot be measured, which is true of all non-physical entities?

Premise 3: Humans express free will in a number of ways. If atheism were true, then out thoughts are merely chemical reactions, including our assertions and opinions, and out thoughts would simply be chemical reactions determined by the proximity of matter to matter which has taken place because prior reactions have produced the conditions which causes other reactions to take place. Therefore, whenever an atheist states, "There is insufficient evidence for the existence of God." it is merely chemical reactions that have produced the sound waves that form the words.

If our thoughts are merely chemical reactions, how could those reactions allow for opinions, truth, facts, beliefs, reasoning, faith, hope, value, desire, trust, etc.? Is it rational to say these things arise from the interactions of mater? Can chemistry give an opinion?

Premise 4: Computers remember nothing. They store data or instructions in the form of switch positions which relate to on or off states. A computer has no memory of anything in the past. Atheists claim human brains are the computers which produce and store all human memories.

Question 4: How is it logical to say a human can have memories if our brains are merely chemical computers?

Premise 5: Atheists say our thoughts are merely physical, material chemical reactions and that physical causation explains all phenomenon.

Question 5: If physical causation explains all phenomenon, why do humans understand and continuously produce and engage with the concept of the non-physical?

Premise 6: Atheists say physical causation explains all phenomenon. However, language is dependent upon symbolism, and symbolism does not exist in material processes of chemistry and physics. For example, the letter "D" is not a sound. It represents a sound. The letters which comprise the word "dog" are not an animal. They symbolically represent an animal. The words, "The dog is very quick." is not a dog moving quickly. The words represent a dog moving quickly.

Question 6: Since language depends upon symbolism, why are humans able to use speech?

These and countless other questions one can imagine demonstrate that atheism does not comport to our reality and has no explanatory power. Because such questions demonstrate that the philosophical materialism of atheism is logically false, and therefore an atheist cannot provide logical answers to them, we know that atheism is a false belief. By the way, if atheism were true, an atheist could not believe anything.

 

Evolutionism and the Damage Done

Another failure of evolutionism is the scientifically invalid belief that mutation is a grand designer. 90 years of mutation experimentation has demonstrated with 100% consistent results in over 1 million studies that mutations design nothing and cannot therefore be the base mechanism for the design of anatomical features or biological function. Mutation is a destroyer of genetic information and causes biological weakness, stillbirth, death after birth, disease, and deformity, none of which support evolution but instead contradict it. Evolutionists go so far as believing that mutation generates information, linguistics, and algorithms of DNA! This of course is impossible, since these are non-physical fundamental entities (not a property of or comprised of matter) and cannot be produced by material cause, but are in fact demonstrated to arise only from intelligence, which verifies empirically that all life is a a product of intelligence. Evolutionists refuse to accept this 90 yrs of consistent experimental data because they are stuck with holding fanatically to the false belief that mutation is our designer. But that view is anti-scientific since it denies 90 yrs and a million studies which show that mutation is a destroyer, not a designer. Natural Selection does not help the matter, since it cannot see individual mutations with consistency. Entire mutants are selected by NS, not individual mutations unless they cause gross harm. The accumulation of genetic damage is compound in fact, since we know know that genetic information is overlapping and nested - highly compressed - and any given mutation likely causes damage to more than one gene at the same time, in fact, possible several!

Evolutionists hold religiously to their pseudo-scientific idea that mutation is a grand designer and pretend the consistent result of 90 yrs of study have not proven otherwise because once they accept real science, their false worldview falls like a fake house of cards. Atheists should be kept away from science like a small child should be kept away from a box of matches. They have done more damage to scientific knowledge than should be allowed. For example, their false claim about most of the human genome being garble left over by evolution was disproved and the creationist prediction that the entire genome would be discovered to be critical information for the development and regulation of a human body was proven correct. But the harmful false assumption of the evolutionist held back genetic science for 40 years, causing geneticists to study only the protein coding genes - about 1-2% of the genome. Had evolutionists not enforced their pseudo-scientific paradigm upon genetics, we would know far more about DNA today and would likely have cured some diseases or found good treatment for them. It's too bad that you cannot tell the children who died because of it that you are sorry that your discredited worldview stood in the way of them having a happy life.

The highly compressed nature of genetic information:

 "For more than 30 years, we have understood that genes may be organized within genomic DNA in complex spatial arrangements. In particular, gene-coding sequences can overlap: a given segment of genomic DNA can encode more than one gene product, with the overlapping genes often oriented on opposite strands. In some cases, the overlapping genes are organized such that one gene is entirely contained within the chromosomal region occupied by another gene. In such instances, the internal gene is referred to as a “nested” gene." - An Overerview of Nested Genes in Eukaryotic Genomes by Anuj Kumar. Eukaryotic Cell September 2009 vol. 8 no. 9 1321-1329.

"According to a painstaking new analysis of 1% of the human genome, genes can be sprawling, with far-flung protein-coding and regulatory regions that overlap with other genes." - DNA Study Forces Rethink of What It Means to Be a Gene by Elizabeth Pennisi. Science 15 June 2007, Vol. 316 no. 5831 pp. 1556-1557

"Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a central mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. Genetic regulation at this level is especially common in the vertebrate nervous system, where many proteins important for neural development or function are made in multiple iso-fomrs through alternate partterns of splicing. Proteins that contribute to the excitability of neural tissue often show plicing regulation that is quite complex in both the number of different mRNAs produced and their region-specific Expression." - John Stamatoyannopoulos, Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code, Science Daily December 12, 2013

The cSlo sequence in the chicken genome codes for 576 variants which have function in helping to detect numerous sound frequencies. - Splicing in the Inner Ear: a Familiar Tune, but What Are the Instruments? Douglas L Black

"UW scientists were stunned to discover that genomes use the genetic code to write two separate languages. One describes how proteins are made, and the other instructs the cell on how genes are controlled. One language is written on top of the other, which is why the second language remained hidden for so long." - Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code, Stephanie Seiler, UW Health Sciences & UW Medicine

"Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation There is growing evidence that much of the DNA in higher genomes is poly-functional, with the same nucleotide contributing to more than one type of code. Such poly-functional DNA should logically be multiply-constrained in terms of the probability of sequence improvement via random mutation. We describe a model of this relationship, which relates the degree of poly-functionality and the degree of constraint on mutational improvement. We show that: a) the probability of beneficial mutation is inversely related to the degree that a sequence is already optimized for a given code; b) the probability of beneficial mutation drastically diminishes as the number of overlapping codes increases. The growing evidence for a high degree of optimization in biological systems, and the growing evidence for multiple levels of poly-functionality within DNA, both suggest that mutations that are unambiguously beneficial must be especially rare." - Multiple Overlapping Genetic Codes Profoundly Reduce the Probability of Beneficial Mutation, George Montañez, Robert J. Marks, Jorge Fernandez, and John C. Sanford, Baylor University, Cornell University

Regarding the compound damage some mutations cause, Dr. John Stamatoyannopoulos, University of Washington associate professor of genome sciences and of medicine has said,

“The fact that the genetic code can simultaneously write two kinds of information means that many DNA changes that appear to alter protein sequences may actually cause disease by disrupting gene control programs or even both mechanisms simultaneously,” said Stamatoyannopoulos." - Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code, Stephanie Seiler, UW Health Sciences & UW

Genetic Algorithms

Claim: DNA is a product of nature and not designed.

Response: Genetic information posesses algorithmic operations which verify the Intelligent Design of DNA.

Websters Dictionary, Definition of algorithm: a procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation; broadly : a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end especially by a computer

Algorithms verify empirically that DNA is a product of Intelligent Design because,

1.  Procedures are actions which are specified and ordered to accomplish a goal, such as solving a problem.

a.  Specifying and ordering actions to accomplish a goal requires forward-thinking. ¹ 
b.  Forward-thinking is a mental activity. ¹ 
c.  Problem-solving involves consideration and decision making.
d.  Consideration and decision making are mental activities. ² 

2.  Therefore, it is empirical that mental activity is the cause of algorithms. ¹ 
3.  The molecular machinery of the cell performs algorithmic procedures prescribed by genetic information. ^2  3 
4.  Therefore, mental activity has designed the algorithms in genetic information. ^4  5  6 
5.  Since genetic information and algorithms are supremely complex, the mind which designed genetic information is supremely intelligent.

Example: When transcribing information from DNA into RNA, the machinery of the cell uses an algorithmic process to replace the codes for base pairs:

"One strand of the DNA double helix is used as template (the lower strand from 3' to 5' in our example above) to synthesize RNA. RNA is complementary to the template strand. So, given a template strand, the algorithm consists in changing every occurrence of: A - U, T - A, C - G, and G - C." - Transcription and Translation Algorithms, American University of Armenia June 2016, Introduction to Bioinformatics


Scientists design algorithms to represent the activity of celular machinery.

In order to better understand the procedures by which some of the molecular machines of the cell retrieve and store the information in DNA, scientists design algorithms which represent their operation. This verifies that the machinery of the cell is performing algorithmic procedures. Secular scientists are very careful not to state that the algorithms they design for this purpose are replicas of actual algorithms which are programmed into the DNA because this would be an admission that life is designed by intelligence. Though they may acknowledge that what the cell's machinery is doing is algorithmic or can be described with algorithms, they will say that the algorithms they write are mere representations of chemical activity designed by evolution. This behavior could be likened to someone saying that the automobile which is parked in front of them is not actually an automobile, but rather it is simply a collection of parts which operate like an automobile. Treating what is obvious in this manner constitutes a tautologyforced upon them by their denial of Intelligent Design and their dogmatic adherence to the evolution paradigm. Evolutionists employ this kind of tautology in other ways as well, such as saying the information encoded in DNA is not actually information in a technical sence, but that they simply use the word "information" to describe it because it is convenient to do so.


The following is a algorithm designed by a computer programmer to mimick the transcription of DNA into RNA performed by celular machinery:

// Define our inputs and output variables.
dna_strand = "ACATAGGCCTAC";
rna_strand = "";

// Define a transcribe function thats takes a dna strand as its parameter.
transcribe = function(input_dna_strand) {
    // Setup a variable to store the result of our function's algorithm
  result = "";   // Map each character(nucleotide) of our DNA strand to the corresponding
  // RNA equivalent and append it to our growing RNA strand
  input_dna_strand.map(function(nucleotide) {
     if(nucleotide == 'A') {
     result = result + 'U';
    } else if(nucleotide == 'C') {
     result = result + 'G';
    } else if(nucleotide == 'T') {
     result = result + 'A';
    } else if(nucleotide == 'G') {
      result = result + 'C';
    }
  });

  // Return the result of our function's algorithm completing.
  return result;
};

// Store the result of calling our transcribe function
rna_strand = transcribe(dna_strand);

// Print our result. 3' - "UGUAUCCGGAUG" - 5'
console.log(rna_strand)


1.  "As Berlinski (2000) has argued, genetic algorithms need something akin to a "forward looking memory" in order to succeed. Yet such foresighted selection has no analogue in nature. In biology, where differential survival depends upon maintaining function, selection cannot occur before new functional sequences arise. Natural selection lacks foresight." - Stephen C. Meyer, Intelligent Design: The Origin of Biological Information and the Higher Taxonomic Categories, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, August 4, 2004m

2.  "No known hypothetical mechanism has even been suggested for the generation of nucleic acid algorithms." - Chance and necessity do not explain the origin of life, Cell Biology International, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 2004, p. 730, Jack T. Trevors and David L. Abel,

3.  "All known metabolism is cybernetic - that is, it is programmatically and algorithmically organized and controlled." - Chance and necessity do not explain the origin of life, Cell Biology International, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 2004, Pages 729-739, J.T. Trevorsa, D.L. Abel,

In fact, the algorithmic processes discovered in living systems are so excellent, that they are improving the algorithms written by computer programmers to be applied in modern technology, as stated in this paper:

4.  "Computer science and biology have enjoyed a long and fruitful relationship for decades. Biologists rely on computational methods to analyze and integrate large data sets, while several computational methods were inspired by the high-level design principles of biological systems. Recently, these two directions have been converging. In this review, we argue that thinking computationally about biological processes may lead to more accurate models, which in turn can be used to improve the design of algorithms. We discuss the similar mechanisms and requirements shared by computational and biological processes and then present several recent studies that apply this joint analysis strategy to problems related to coordination, network analysis, and tracking and vision." - Algorithms in nature: the convergence of systems biology and computational thinking, Saket Navlakha, Ziv Bar-Joseph, Molecular Systems Biology (2011)

5.  "We present evidence supporting the idea that the DNA sequence in genes containing noncoding regions is correlated, and that the correlation is remarkably long range-indeed, base pairs thousands of base pairs distant are correlated. We do not find such a long-range correlation in the coding regions of the gene; we utilize this fact to build a Coding Sequence Finder algorithm, which uses statistical ideas to locate the coding regions of an unknown DNA sequence. We resolve the problem of the non-stationarity feature of the sequence of base pairs (that the relative concentration of purines and pyrimidines changes in different regions of the mosaic-like chain) by describing a new algorithm called Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA)." - Statistical and linguistic features of noncoding DNA: A heterogeneous Complex system

6.  "We are applying the principles and methods of information theory and coding theory to incorporate phenomena observed on different levels of abstraction of the genomic error correction system. This method for rigorous treatment of DNA-repair enables describing its functionality quantitatively and algorithmically." - Error correction algorithms for DNA repair